Essays on Infinite Lifespans  
Russell Blackford
259
By way of explanation, consider the following counterexam-
ple to P1: a close friend who loves me ceases to do so (for 
whatever reason). I might never be adversely affected by this, 
in the sense of suffering unpleasant sensations, e.g., my friend 
might maintain a pretense of love, and I might, as events turn 
out, never even become aware of the change in her feelings. 
Yet, the loss of a friends love is usually considered to be a 
misfortune. [3; pg. 46]
An Epicurean could respond to such counterexamples by 
making suitable modifications to both premises of The Basic 
Epicurean Argument. Thus, the Epicurean might point out 
that, if a friend has ceased to love me, she might thereafter 
have some propensity to act in ways that I will find unpleas-
ant.  The  Epicurean  could  modify  P1  by  including  among 
the classes of misfortunes those events that, at the time they 
happen, make us more vulnerable to unpleasant sensations. 
She could then plausibly modify P2 to state that death is not 
such an event  after all, I will have no unpleasant sensations, 
or sensations of any other kind, once I am dead. Since both 
premises  have  been  modified  appropriately,  the  argument 
remains valid.
Not all possible counterexamples can be accommodated in 
this way. For example, will it not be a misfortune for me if 
my reputation is defamed in some way after I die (possibly as 
a consequence of my death, since I will no longer be able to 
defend myself). An Epicurean could respond to this kind of 
example with a second strategy. She might suggest that the 
new example is not a misfortune. Rather, someone who wor-
ries about such things is in the grip of a kind of pride that is 
irrational because it is not conducive to living the happiest 
kind of life.
This brings us to the nub of the matter. A full Epicurean 
argument  against  the  rationality  of  fearing  death  would 
have   to   include   a   specific   account   of   the   good   life.